How ADHD Is Diagnosed
Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms and any previous history of ADHD. He will also review your family history.
A lot of people are diagnosed with ADHD later in their lives. A major event such as a pregnancy or relationship problems can prompt awareness of the problem. The first step to manage ADHD symptoms and improving function is to obtain an assessment.
Characteristics
Children who have the diagnostic criteria for ADHD have significant difficulties with waiting to be called and focusing at school or in other environments. These problems can significantly affect their functioning at work, at home, or school. The signs of hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity must be present for at least 6 months and must be greater than what is expected for the child's age or development level. They should also be causing significant problems at work, school and at home as well as in relationships.
A trained health care professional must conduct a clinical evaluation to diagnose ADHD. This may include a physical examination, and a look at other conditions that may cause similar symptoms, such as depression or thyroid disease. The doctor will also review the person's family history and review medical, psychiatric, and academic records. In addition, the doctor will ask the patient questions about their symptoms. For children the questions are generally targeted towards their age, and parents can be interviewed as well.
The provider will use the American Psychiatric Society's clinical guidelines for diagnosing ADHD in children and adults as laid out in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). He or she will examine the patient's behavior, both in the past and now, and how it affects their social, professional and family life. If it is possible the therapist will look at the person's schooling and childhood experiences.
When looking at adults, the physician will take into account whether or not they suffer from a co-occurring mental health issue and ask whether the patient has a family history of ADHD. Family members of those with the disorder are more likely to suffer from it themselves.
If a healthcare professional suspects that a patient has ADHD If he or she suspects that someone has ADHD, they will conduct a complete clinical evaluation that includes a review of their current symptoms and requesting that they keep a diary of their symptoms for several weeks. They can also ask the person about any other conditions they may have, and then use the DSM-5 symptoms guide to determine if the patient is in compliance with any of the ADHD criteria.
Diagnosis
Many health care professionals who are interested in ADHD or who specialize in mental illness are able to screen and diagnose the disorder. Clinical psychologists, nurse practitioners, physician assistants and psychiatrists are all qualified to recognize ADHD. Family doctors may also diagnose ADHD in children and adolescents, and may refer adults to specialists for a comprehensive assessment.
A thorough medical examination, including an assessment of sight and hearing, is the first step to diagnosing ADHD. A specialist may recommend the brain scan, also known as an EEG-Based Assessment Aid, or NEBA to determine the concentration of theta and beta waves in the brain. This type of scanning is a non-invasive, safe method to screen people for ADHD.
The doctor will go over the patient's medical history including his psychiatric and medical history that dates to his childhood. He will also discuss the person's current symptoms and strategies for coping. The doctor checks to see if the person meets the diagnostic criteria for either inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive or combined ADHD presentations as defined by the American Psychiatric Association in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5).
For teens and children who are being assessed for ADHD, the doctor will likely request teachers and other individuals who spend much time with the child to fill in checklists or questionnaires. The doctor may also request parents to fill out these forms. Adults are often asked to speak to their spouses, colleagues and other close acquaintances. They might also wish to interview someone who has been with the person since childhood.
During the diagnostic process, the mental health professional looks for signs that indicate whether the person is experiencing predominantly inattentive or primarily hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. The doctor will determine the duration for which symptoms have been present and if they result in problems at home, at the workplace, at school, or in any other area of life.
The mental health professional should also check for other disorders that have symptoms with ADHD, such as depression, anxiety or bipolar disorder. The professional should also check for physical causes for the person's symptoms such as thyroid problems or sleep issues. In addition an extensive screening will also check the person's social, emotional and family background.
Treatment
Children with ADHD need to learn how to manage their symptoms. Families can support this by encouraging school staff to monitor their child's behavior, giving positive feedback, and being flexible and patience. They can also teach the child relaxation and calming techniques, such as yoga or meditation. Many children with ADHD benefit from regular physical activity and a balanced diet, which can increase their ability to focus and concentrate. They should stay away from sugary foods and drinks that can worsen their symptoms. Also, they should ensure they get enough sleep.
Symptoms of ADHD can persist throughout adolescence, and even into adulthood. For adults, they can manifest in the form of difficulties at work or in relationships. A doctor will conduct an assessment to determine if a person is suffering from ADHD and the severity of it. The evaluation consists of an examination of the mind and physical examination and interviews with the individual and his or her parents and spouses or partners and other people who are familiar with him or her. The healthcare provider might request a list of the person's symptoms and how they affect him or her. He or she can also use rating scales or other tests to confirm whether the person meets the standard criteria for ADHD. The person may also inquire about any medical conditions that can mimic ADHD symptoms, for example seizures and thyroid disorders.
If a person is identified as having ADHD the medication is prescribed to manage symptoms. These medications are typically prescribed to treat ADHD and related disorders in both children as well as adults. These medications can cause side effects. One should only use these drugs under the supervision of a physician and with the prescription of a doctor. It is also important to inform the doctor about any other medications she is taking, because certain medications can interact with stimulants to cause dangerous side effects. Many people with ADHD must try different dosages and types of medications before they discover one that works.
Prevention
In certain cases the reduction of exposure to triggers in the environment can help to prevent ADHD symptoms. adhd diagnosis uk Iam Psychiatry may include sleeping and eating habits as well as family structure and medications. A GP can assist you in finding ways to deal with these triggers, and refer you for additional assistance or to a dietitian to suggest changes in your diet.
Children can also be assisted by maintaining their routines as well as limiting sugar and caffeine, and taking regular vitamins and mineral supplements (consult your GP). Avoid taking supplements that do not have scientific evidence or that could be incompatible with certain medications.
Adults who suspect they have ADHD should consult a mental health professional such as a psychiatrist or psychologist for a diagnosis. The doctor will look over medical records, perform physical examinations and conduct a thorough medical history to rule out other possible causes of the symptoms. The therapist will talk to the patient, observe the person's behavior and apply the standard ratings scales. The therapist will take into consideration the intensity and duration of the ADHD-related symptoms, as in determining whether they have a significant impact on the person's daily life.
Usually, a therapist will work with the family member and patient to improve parenting skills to teach time management and other organizational strategies and instruct the patient in metacognitive techniques that involve identifying and changing "thinking distortions" that lead to negative moods and perceptions about the lack of options. Psychologists are able to prescribe specific medications and work with mental health professionals to provide comprehensive treatment.
Parents can help by providing a secure, loving home, establishing clear expectations and rewards, promoting an excellent sleep hygiene and avoiding stimulants. They must also encourage their child to interact with others, and try to build a healthy bond with their partner.
School staff can provide valuable information regarding the learning and behavior of the student however they are unable to diagnose ADHD or make decisions regarding treatment. These decisions must be taken by the student's parents, health provider, and teacher with the cooperation of all three.